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                <text>CORE pamphlet "Louisiana Story 1963"</text>
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                <text>This is the pamphlet "Louisiana Story 1963" published by CORE. It details CORE's actions that year to fight against racial discrimination in that area. It also discusses why CORE's national director James Farmer did not speak at that summer's March on Washington. He was in jail for participating in protests.</text>
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                <text>https://www.crmvet.org/docs/6311_core_la-r.pdf</text>
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                <text>Plaquemine, Louisiana 1963</text>
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                <text>debate between CORE field secretary Evie Rich and Malcolm X</text>
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                <text>This is a 1961 debate between CORE field secretary Evie Rich and Malcolm X on Philadelphia's WCAU radio. It is the classic integrationist vs. nationalist debate. &#13;
&#13;
  While Evie Rich did a good job in representing the CORE position, Malcolm X beat up on her pretty bad especially once he found out she had a White husband, Marv Rich, who was the second in command of CORE. In his debates with James Farmer and Bayard Rustin, he was no where near as disrespectful. One has to wonder if part of the animus he had towards her was in part because she was a woman.  </text>
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                <text>This is a collection of FBI documents from 1960 pertaining to CORE. It speaks to the Bureau's increasing concern (as well as that of  the general public including a U.S. Congressman) with the possibility of CORE being infiltrated by the Communist Party (CPUSA). Interestingly, the FBI stated it saw no overall evidence that such infiltration was taking place but as later documents will demonstrate, the FBI's investigation of CORE in connection with CPUSA would only increase. Historians have suggested this speaks to the fact that communism was never the issue but race was.&#13;
&#13;
   These documents are a result of a Freedom of Information request on CORE in New York City.</text>
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                <text>  This is a collection of FBI documents on CORE from 1961. They primarily pertain to that year's Freedom Rides. These documents make clear that the FBI was aware of what was going on from the very beginning every step of the way. &#13;
&#13;
   The majority of documents have to do with the attacks at Birmingham and Montgomery, the aftermath of the bus burning at Anniston and the bomb threats against the riders at Xavier University in New Orleans that followed.&#13;
&#13;
   These documents are a result of a Freedom of Information request on CORE in New York City.</text>
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                <text>This is a collection of FBI documents on CORE from the 1940's that pertain to CORE. They demonstrate that CORE was under investigation as early as 1943, the Bureau made use of 'confidential informants' and CORE's meetings and activities were being reported  on. &#13;
&#13;
   These documents are a result of a Freedom of Information request on CORE in New York City.</text>
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                <text>This is a collection on CORE from the 1950's. Among other things, it points to one of the good things about the FBI's surveillance of CORE - because the FBI went to great lengths to collect and preserve CORE flyers, pamphlets, letters and literature as part of its investigation, the FBI's files on CORE serve as an archive of sorts when it comes to CORE"s history. For example, the pamphlet, 'A First Step Towards Integration by Anna Holden (of Nashville CORE) is included in this collection.&#13;
&#13;
     These documents are a result of a Freedom of Information request on CORE in New York City.</text>
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                <text>This is a collection of FBI documents pertaining to Bayrd Rustin, CORE's first field secretary and long time member of its Board of Advisers. They have been released and made available to the public on the FBI's website. &#13;
&#13;
  The first set (1126895-000 - 100-158790 - Section 7 -865724) is rich in biographical detail, and demonstrates the degree to which Rustin was being monitored and under surveillance&#13;
Several other CORE members such as East River CORE's Blyden Jackson are mentioned as well as other civil rights leaders. It also &#13;
details his debate with SNCC's Stokely Carmichael at Hunter College on December 14, 1966.&#13;
&#13;
The second set (1126895-000 - 100-158790 June Mail - Section 1 -882089) comes under the subject heading of Communist. Rustin was not a communist but did spend a short time as a member of Young Communist League in the 1940's. The documents also note how his home was bugged and his telephone tapped.&#13;
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                <text>This collection of FBI documents pertains to CORE’s Target City project in Baltimore. The come from the Federal Surveillance of African Americans 1920-1984.&#13;
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CORE’s Target City project was described by the FBI as ‘the most active Black nationalist group in the Baltimore area’. The documents also demonstrate that the project was categorized under the heading of 'Black nationalist Hate Groups' and was a subject of the COINTELPRO Program. The collection because it is so small suggests there is much more in the FBI's files on Target City than has been released.&#13;
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                <text>This is a collection of FBI documents from 1965 pertaining to Miami CORE chairman Pete Christiansen. They show that Miami CORE was under investigation as part of the COINTELPRO program and designated as a ‘Hate Group’. They come from the Federal Surveillance of African Americans 1920-1984 database.&#13;
&#13;
   The documents begin with a report on a newspaper article on the local NAACP’s plans to picket the Florida State building in support of Miami CORE’s Pete Christiansen. He had been fired from his state welfare job because he refused to resign as the chapter’s chairman. Christiansen’s views were considered ‘anti-police authority and opposed to good government’ and doubtful as to whether he had ‘the true interest of America and the Negro freedom movement at heart’. The local FBI office argued it would be in the best interests of both the Bureau and CORE ‘to expose and disrupt his efforts’. The efforts to discredit him in the movement also included mailing anonymous letters to ‘seven leaders in civil rights field’ in Miami. This was a classic COINTELPRO tactic.&#13;
&#13;
  Christiansen was one of the few remaining White chairmen of a major CORE chapter. At the time he had recently graduated from the University of Miami with a double major in Psychology and in American Civilization. A draft resister and organizer against the Vietnam War, he went on to become a Unitarian minister. &#13;
   His twin brother BIll who is referenced in the documents was also a member of Miami CORE. He went on to work for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development in Washington, DC.&#13;
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                <text>This is a collection of FBI documents pertaining to San Francisco. They come from the Federal Surveillance of African Americans 1920-1984 database. &#13;
   According to  Meier and Rudwick's history of CORE, the chapter was  first set up by field secretary Gordon Carey in 1959. It became inactive within a few months but was revived by 1961 mostly due to the Freedom Rides. At the time it was a mostly White chapter&#13;
&#13;
The first set of documents are from 1961. They are part of the COINTELPRO program against the Communist Party (CPUSA).&#13;
 They report that according to an informant two leading members of CPUSA were trying to start a CORE chapter &#13;
  in San Francisco. The documents also show the FBI knew that CORE would refuse to affiliate a CORE chapter if CORE discovered through word of mouth that those applying had any type of CP connections.&#13;
   The FBI decided on counterintelligence actions to prevent the CPUSA members from forming a CORE chapter. An anonymous letter supposedly from a member of the NAACP was sent to warn CORE of the CPUSA members plans to establish a CORE chapter in San Francisco. The documents note how the Bureau was cautious the letter could not be traced back to the FBI. &#13;
&#13;
 The second set of documents are from 1964. The chapter was then by Bill Bradley.&#13;
   At issue is an upcoming convention for  an ‘action based socialist youth organization’ and plans by San Francisco CORE to demonstrate against the President. &#13;
  Again, as part of a plan ‘to expose and disrupt  the communist inspired, Marxist inspired’ youth convention, the Bureau authored and sent a ‘fictitious letter’  to several local politicians and newspapers. &#13;
   Several newspaper articles were subsequently published in which CORE's plans to demonstrate against the President were denounced by the governor and mayor.  The organization responsible for the youth convention (which would included many ‘militant civil rights figures’ including several members from CORE) is described by reporters as having ‘ominously left wing associations’ and connected to the Communist Party.  &#13;
  The articles make a not so subtle connection between the civil rights movement and communism, the implication being the movement is something bent on destroying America thereby giving CORE a negative reputation. There is no critical analysis in the articles on the differences between socialism and communism.&#13;
  The reports make clear the FBI believed these articles and the politicians statements were a direct result of its ‘counterintelligence activity’. &#13;
&#13;
  These were classic COINTELPRO tactics; sending anonymous letters, trying to use one organization in the movement against another, using reporters to plant stories in newspapers to further the goals of the FBI and disrupt groups that had been working on behalf of Blacks.&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
&#13;
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